Definition of Substrate in Chemistry

Definition of Substrate in ChemistryThe definition of substrate in chemistry, often referred to as the substrate, refers to the things that are used as the medium of chemical reactions. The process of these reactions, which in a nutshell can be summarized as chemical reactions involving base and reaction products, is known as chemical synthesis. This includes the various elements that make up the biomolecules, the enzymes, the stabilizers, the metal complexes, and so on.In general, the term 'synthesis' means that chemical reactions take place that are the outcome of combining or reacting one compound with another one, resulting in the formation of a new chemical compound. It can also mean that chemical reactions are performed by some other chemical processes.There are a number of different pathways to synthesize substrates, each having specific advantages and disadvantages over the other. Generally, the reaction of the two chemical bases (the anhydride and the ketone) has been consid ered to be the most familiar pathway to synthesize compounds, although others do exist. Since catalysts for the reaction are the active ingredient of the reaction, their presence is usually an important characteristic of a synthetic system.A chemist must consider what is being considered as the substrate when discussing a system and its interactions with other components. The properties of the substrate are directly connected to the reaction products produced by the reactions, whether it is inorganic organic, or metallic. So, there are many factors to consider when determining whether or not a system has a satisfactory substrate, as well as how to prioritize such a system to achieve its desired outcome.A substrate is required in any chemical reaction to support the reactions. A good substrate is made from different substances, which include organics, compounds, and metals. One of the most important factors to consider when determining if a particular system is a good substrate is wh ether the system possesses a good affinity with the substance used to form the substrate. important feature A good affinity is the most important feature for any system in a chemical system, whether it is organic or inorganic. A system will exhibit higher activity and more robust reactions if its binding is with a good inert substance and, in many cases, the better the inertness, the more versatile the system will be in producing very high activity.Synthesis in chemistry requires three things. First, the basic reaction system must have a good affinity with the material in which it is synthesized. Second, the substrate must contain a good catalyst that will make the reaction happen.

Private Tuition Is it Worth the Money

Private Tuition Is it Worth the Money Hiring Personal Tutors: Why Pay So Much For Home Tuition? ChaptersWhat Rates Do Tutors Charge?So Why is Private Tutoring so Expensive?One of the most frequently asked questions when it comes to private tutoring is that of costs. Why is it so expensive? Is it really worth it?These are the questions that people mull over for ages when they are considering private tuition â€" either as a student or a parent. Students worry about whether it’s worth trying, and why it costs so much.Private tutoring can be a tough market due to how competitive it is in terms of skills offered and rates of pay. There are more and more people becoming tutors, and because there are no necessary qualifications or certificates, there is no real filtration system either.This means that there is a lot of vetting involved by both the student and the tutor in order to make sure that you find someone suitable and worth the time and money.Finding the right tutor isn't always easy. Source: VisualhuntPrivate tutors set their own rates. Most tutors in the UK charge between £20 and £45 an hour, depending on experience and skill level. It’s completely up to the tutor what they charge, and this could be influenced by the local, national or international market.As a student, it can be hard to know where the mark is set with tutoring prices in your local area, and what you should pay for a good service. The top things to consider are:A tutor's skillset and qualificationsA tutor's professional experienceA tutor's teaching abilityA tutor's personality â€" do they seem creative? Enthusiastic? Constructive?Compatible  availability and flexibilityTo put it simply, the more the tutor has to offer, the more they will be able to charge. This is true of any freelance work - if someone have lots of great experience and the academic or creative skill level to match, then they can set their prices quite competitively.Students and parents are paying for quality. They want lessons delivered at a high standard, which will guarantee a boost in grades and a rise in conf idence in the subject.So tutoring can often be worth the money, and can be an incredible investment in your education and your future when you find a tutor that suits your way of learning and your schedule.When considering hiring a home tutor, you need to think about what your goals are.  You will be considering what grades you want to achieve, how much money you can afford to spend, and how it will fit around school or work.But it is usually the question of money which is most frequently worried about. As we’ve seen, private tutoring can get quite pricey, and you may feel pressure to pay more in order to receive a better service.So it’s up to you as a paying customer to do your research and compare the market. Have a look around online and in your local area to get an idea of rates and competition, maybe speak to friends, family or colleagues to see what people around you pay for tutors.Places like schools and libraries are a great place to find adverts, and sites such as Gumtr ee will give you a great idea of what’s out there. Tutors will usually advertise their business on social media as well, so keep an eye out online.Once you know what you want to achieve and how much you are prepared to pay for it, you can start making enquiries. If it is GCSE level tutoring you need, you will probably find that you can employ a tutor with a lower level of experience and still get great results.The average costs for secondary school private tutoring is about £30 an hour in the UK, and A Level tutors or IB it averages at around £36. Find London, Edinburgh tutors Bristol tutors on Superprof.Tutor rates can depend on the age and level of the student. Source: VisualhuntIf you are looking for A-Level, IB or even university level tuition, you will of course need to find a tutor with at least university level education, or a practicing professional. Again, it’s up to you who you feel comfortable employing.And don’t be afraid to trial people either - a student-tutor relationship is never set in stone, and you might just like to pay for one lesson and see how it works for you. You will soon see if you are getting your money’s worth and if this is a worthwhile investment for you.When it comes to learning languages, private tutoring really is worth considering. You can try out free apps or cheap online courses, and even some classes can be a decent option, but the best way to learn a language is one-on-one with a native speaker of your target language.Language tuition will give you the help and support you need in a relaxed setting. You can learn all the more challenging elements like grammar and spelling with worksheets and textbooks if necessary, but a tutor will give you something which isn’t always easy to find: authentic conversation practice.This is something that no amount of YouTube videos or language apps can provide â€" and it’s the best way to learn a language whilst staying in the country! There are some really amazing online se rvices available, but when it comes to language learning, tutoring is undeniably worth the money. CalumDrama School Entrance Teacher 5.00 (15) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors OliviaSchool support Teacher 5.00 (2) £21/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkESOL (English) Teacher 4.76 (17) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YuweiChinese Teacher 4.33 (6) £19/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JenniferMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LouiseAutoCAD Teacher 5.00 (3) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RickyPercussion Teacher 5.00 (7) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NicolasGuitar Teacher 5.00 (2) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MyriamOrganic chemistry Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JonathanEconomics Teacher 5.00 (9) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Oluwakemi imoleMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlexPhysics Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdamSinging Teacher 5.00 (14) £48/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ValentiniMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (2) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MilenaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RashmiEconomics Teacher 5.00 (1) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhat Rates Do Tutors Charge?If you’re choosing a tutor for yourself or your child, you’re bound to consider  the cost.  What  is a fair fee, and what factors will influence what a tutor charges?The Tutor Pages collects data on  how much independent private tutors charge, and so this is a good place to start. Our data shows that, in 2016,  tutors across the UK were charging, on average, between £29 and £41 per hour, depending on the level of study.In general, more advanced levels incur higher fees. Up to 14 years of age, you might expect to pay around £30 per hour, for GCSE around £32.50, or for A-level £36. At university level, the fee rises to, on average, £41 per hour.Fees can, however, vary significantly. Tutors with a proven track record will charge more, and indeed London is its own micro-economy.  Online tutors  may charge slightly less, and don’t forget travel costs  for in-person tuition. On the other hand, some tutors will  give a discount for a block booking, or for an introductory session.Foreign language tuition and music tuition are also different  ball games.  For  language tuition, the UK average is around £30 per hour. For  music tuition, the average cost is around £32 per hour.When employing a tutor, make sure you discuss the fees in advance. Our  advice page for parents and carers  will help you with that.So Why is Private Tutoring so Expensive?We know how competitive private tutoring is, which is why prices range so much and can seem really high. Bu t, as we’ve seen, home tuition can be a great investment worth paying for!Having private, personal tutoring sessions with an expert means that you will usually see a huge improvement in a subject. A private tutor could make the difference between passing an exam rather than failing, or it could boost a grade from a C to an A!Unlike a classroom education, home tutoring is a completely different experience to school. There are fewer distractions and less pressure.This is why people are prepared to pay so much for tutors nowadays â€" it’s the quality of education provided and the clear incline in academic performance and confidence which is guaranteeing student success.Many parents know the value of private tutoring for their child, and many students can see how much better they do at school or college when they receive personal lessons outside of school. It's vital you think about child safety for your tutorials as a number one priority.But for lots of people who are still sitting on the fence, it can be uncertain whether you will actually get what you pay quite a large sum of money for. This can be quite an off-putting thought, especially for those who feel financially stretched as it is, and taking the plunge can be daunting.You might decide that you could stretch to £30 an hour, once a week. This £30 a week could end up pushing you forward to receiving a place at university, or preparing you to work abroad. Tutoring is undeniably an expensive industry, but the success rates speak for themselves.Don’t hesitate to speak to your tutor to find out about their individual success rates with past students, so you can get a better idea of their standard, experience and skill as a teacher.Bear in mind, though, that you really shouldn’t be paying much less than £20 an hour. For high-quality tutoring with someone experienced enough, it’s worth paying around £30 an hour for decent tuition.It is up to you and your impression of the tutor, of course, when you consider hiring them. But remember that paying too little will most likely guarantee you a low-quality or inexperienced tutor.You can make sure you’re getting the most out of your tutor and your money by checking they tick the right boxes for you. You might feel more at ease if they are a qualified teacher, or have teaching experience. It is usually best to find a tutor with a degree in their subject to make sure they know what their stuff too.By paying a little bit more, you can probably guarantee better quality and therefore better results too.If finance is a problem, and you feel like you couldn't afford a tutor, let alone a decent one, then there are still options available for you. There are tutoring charities across the UK which offer free academic tutoring outside of the classroom, to help boost grades and fulfil potential.Organisations such as Action Tutoring    work to support young people from  disadvantaged backgrounds through volunteer tutors. Charities like these are available all over the country, across various secondary schools.Have a look online to see what's out there, or check with your local school to see what they can offer. You might be surprised by what’s out there, and what you could be eligible for.Find the tutoring solution that works for you! Source: VisualhuntRemember that there is a solution to your academic queries, and finding a great tutor isn't impossible if you feel as though it's something you need but can't really afford.No matter your reasons for wanting a tutor â€" whether it’s moving up a grade or two, passing an exam, learning a new skill or simply getting your head around a subject you find tough - only you can decide if your success and happiness is worth paying the money for!

Is Your Child Ready for Algebra

Is Your Child Ready for Algebra Is your child ready for Algebra? It will likely be your childs first real step into more advanced math. This can be a frustrating transition for students who do not adequately understand pre-algebra concepts. Luckily, there are several ways to determine whether your child is fully prepared for a venture into algebra. For students and parents alike, math in general can be overwhelming, much less algebra. Many parents struggled with math as students, and it may be difficult to continue helping your children as they progress through math classes.Your child will move from integers and one-step equations to linear inequalities and factoring polynomials. Consider a math placement test to determine algebra readiness If you believe your student may be ready to progress to Algebra, consider providing him or her with a placement test. You can find a multitude of testing options (many for free) online. Providing your child with an Algebra diagnostic exam or pre-test can offer a little insight into your childs current math abilities. You may also request formal placement testing through the schools guidance office. Your child may initially feel uncomfortable taking any kind of test, but assure him or her that it is necessary to advance to the next level of study. According to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), some indicators of algebra readiness include: The ability to use properties such as commutativity, associativity, and distributivity. E.g., knowing that 5 + 9is equal to 9+ 5 (commutativity) Understanding the concept of using symbols (oftentimes letters) to represent unknown quantities E.g., letting x represent the number of apples in a basket. The ability to express mathematical relationships using equations. E.g,writing 2x = 8. Talk with your child about algebra Your child can offer the best perspective when it comes to his or her preparedness for a new challenge. Sit down with your child and have an honest conversation about whether or not he or she would like to precede to Algebra. If your student is unsure, you may again bring up the option of taking a placement test. You might also talk to your childs current math teacher or even a school academic counselor people trained to evaluate your students readiness for the next math class. Let your child know that there are options available if he or she decides to progress. You can arrange a peer study group, seek an algebra tutor, or simply practice newly learned math skills beyond the classroom. A mixture of supportive resources and consistent practice can help your student be successful in the classroom. Do some algebraic prep work If you feel that your child is ready for Algebra but needs a refresher, you can encourage him or her to practice algebra at home. Work through sample problems, watch step-by-step tutorials on YouTube, and review more fundamental concepts as you go. Ask your childs Algebra teacher for a syllabus If your child is feeling hesitant about an upcoming Algebra class, it may be a good idea to talk with his or her teacher. Often, teachers have their syllabi prepared well in advance of class. If you ask, your childs Algebra teacher may provide the syllabus to you earlier than the class start date. A syllabus can contain a lot of valuable information, including the course timeline, learning objectives, and testing policies. This can help you evaluate readiness and even prepare for at-home review that reinforces concepts learned in class. Below is an adapted sample standards syllabus for grades 6 - 8, as it pertains to algebraic knowledge: Algebraic Standards Grades 6 - 8 specific examples Understand patterns and relations E.g., Identify patterns when given a data in a table or graph Represent mathematical statements using algebraic symbols E.g., know what y = ax + b means in terms of graphing a line Use math models to represent and understand quantiative relationships E.g., given an equation of a line, plot some points on a graph Analyze change E.g., given plots on a graph, explain how changes in the independent variable affect the output (dependent variable) Is Algebra the next step? Finally, your child may not have much choice when it comes to taking an Algebra class. Ultimately, it may be up to the teacher or school to determine whether or not your child is ready to take a more advanced math class. In this case, it is important that you do everything you can to prepare your child. Empower him or her to succeed by providing encouragement and academic support. Alternatively, you and your child may wish to explore alternatives to Algebra. Depending on the particular school and your childs grade level, there may be classes offered that are more suitable to his or her skills. The best thing you can do as a parent is offer encouragement and support, no matter the class. Any topics you want to know more about? Let us know! The Varsity Tutors Blog editors love hearing your feedback and opinions. Feel free to email us atblog@varsitytutors.com.

Learn Chinese Fast With These Great Tools

Learn Chinese Fast With These Great Tools The Best Tools to Learn Mandarin Chinese ChaptersSupplement Your Chinese Classes With Lessons Through AppsUsing Websites Specialised in Chinese Language ExercisesTake Part in a Chinese Language ExchangeLearn About Chinese HistoryWatch Chinese Movies in the Original Language“The Great Wall of China is a beautiful monument, but there are too many walls between men already.”This phrase was pronounced by Michael Gorbatchev - Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991 - during an official visit in China in 1989 just before the fall of the Berlin Wall.With language apps, there are no walls between native speakers and students of Chinese.Learning a foreign language such as Chinese can also be a difficult wall to climb.When you are a native speaker of an Indo-European language - such as French, Spanish, German or English - learning the Chinese language seems inaccessible.Even if you concentrate on Mandarin Chinese, everything is different - the pronunciation, sounds (it’s a tonal language), the Chinese writing system (necessi tating calligraphy lessons), grammar etc.That’s why it’s often not enough to simply take private Chinese lessons.Here is a series of tools you can use to supplement your Chinese lessons and learn Chinese fast: apps, websites, films, history lessons…Also discover the best way to learn Chinese...Join Facebook groups of travellers or Chinese expatriotsLook through student forums: there are a lot of Chinese seeking to learn English.Go shopping in Chinatown to practise your Chinese and find Mandarin language exchange partners. Photo by Ken Lund on Visual huntLearn About Chinese HistoryLearning a language without learning anything about its culture is like tasting a dish without knowing its ingredients.Taking Chinese language lessons is a good opportunity for finding out more about China’s history and that of its various dynasties.Learning about Chinese civilisation opens your eyes to an incredibly rich culture: literature, painting, calligraphy, music and all the arts.Chinese cha racters are a very ancient writing system. Learning their history can help you understand them. Photo credit: Fæ via VisualHuntLearning about the history of China also lets you discover the biographies of the legendary emperors who shaped Chinese culture and whose heritage is still very much present today.It also helps you review Pinyin: you can learn to recognise Chinese characters by getting to know the great figures of Chinese history.China was first inhabited more than a million years ago by Homo Erectus in the lower Palaeolithic. But Chinese history truly starts with the reign of the Yellow Emperor Huándì of the ancient ethnicity of Huaxia, who ruled in the 27th century BC.Among the 56 ethnic groups inhabiting China today, the most important is the Han, making up 95 % of the current Chinese population. They reigned over the north-east of what is now modern China for more than 400 years (206 BC to 220 AD).To learn Chinese writing in private lessons is to learn the Han writing system.Now you understand why learning Chinese is considered so difficult - even though the Chinese language is now unified, its original form - traditional Chinese - is over 2000 years old.Watch Chinese Movies in the Original LanguageOne last tip to help booster your knowledge of the Chinese language: watch Chinese films in the original language with English subtitles.You can learn Chinese through entertainment: by watching films “made in China”.But why do this to yourself?It’s excellent cognitive training. It helps the brain get used to the tones, accents and intonations in dialogue, hear phrases and expressions spoken by native-speaking Chinese actors.Watching Chinese movies is a wonderful strategy to stimulate your auditive memory and perfect your Chinese pronunciation.Apart from its non-negligible added value to your Chinese classes, Chinese movies are also helpful for cultural and linguistic immersion.A true intensive course without doing any actual work!Take Chinese cl asses London with a private tutor.

What is it Like to Attend Seattle University

What is it Like to Attend Seattle University Amanda specializes in ACT tutoring and SAT tutoring, among other subjects. She is studying applied mathematics at Seattle University. Interested in attending Seattle University? Check out her college experience review below: Describe the campus setting and transportation options. Amanda: Seattle University is located in near downtown Seattle. The University is well integrated into the city life around it, but manages to keep campus feeling like it's own separate area for students. Most freshman and sophomore students live on campus and get around campus by walking and biking, then use the bus system for activities off campus. Students who live off campus, such as myself, tend to use the bus system, although some do commute via car. No matter what mode of transportation, the campus and its location is one that not only feels safe, but is very safe. How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Amanda: Professors are available during their scheduled office hours every week, which is a helpful time to clarify material and receive advice on work. Academic advisers have walk in hours every week, but scheduled appointments can also be made a few days in advance. How would you describe the dorm liferooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Amanda: From what I know about dorm life, it's a great option for first and second year students. The rooms are equipped with two twin beds, two desks, two wardrobes, a mini fridge, a microwave, a sink, a mirror, and shelf space. Windows are above the desks, which provide quite a bit of natural light and help to cool dorms. Communal bathrooms are down the hall, but the sink in each dorm allows for morning and night bathroom routines to be more personal. There are cafs and dining spaces located in some of the buildings. This makes it convenient and easy to study over lunch or grab a quick coffee and muffin before class. There are communal areas to hangout or study with anyone. Living in a dorm allows for constant socialization opportunities, between living with someone and being around dozens of other people. Hearing about activities that are going on on campus are inevitable when living in a dorm. The opportunities seem endless for making friends and spending time with them. Which majors/programs are best represented and supported? Amanda: I am studying Mathematics because I've always had a passion for the subject and can picture myself in a career doing such. Seattle University has two buildings for the school of Science Engineering, which allows students in math and science majors to interact. Each student also gets assigned to a learning community, which is an area and group of people who are in similar majors. This creates another environment that promotes studying individually and in a group, with access to tutors. How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Amanda: During orientation, we were separated into different groupings a few times. I was able to meet people that were also living off campus, people with similar majors, people with very different majors, and people with similar hobbies. The setup of orientation forced us to mingle with other students, which led to a few friends for me. With common grounds comes friendship. Seattle University does not have a Greek life. How helpful is the Career Center and other student support services? Amanda: The Career Center helps students to receive help in applying and maintaining jobs and careers. On campus job opportunities are available, as well as internships with nearby companies. There are resources that will help students perfect rsums and prepare for interviews. Reputable companies attend the yearly job fair to recruit graduating students as well as undergraduates for internships. How are the various study areas such as libraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Amanda: Study areas, such as the learning communities, tutoring labs, library, and office hours are easily available and are not often overcrowded. Describe the surrounding town. Amanda: Students at Seattle University often rent equipment from the on campus gym and go kayaking, hiking, etc. Religious retreats are also available for students to attend. People in Seattle are very outdoorsy and adventurous, and Seattle University's students are no different. Students occasionally venture out to the city and downtown for concerts and sports games, but mainly stay on campus due to their busy daily and school life. How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Amanda: The student body is tight-knit at around 4,000 students. Classes are also intimate at around 20 students. Lecture classes of 100 students do not exist. Students and professors are able to interact more personally in smaller class sizes. Check out Amandas tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

English Vocabulary Allusion or Illusion

English Vocabulary Allusion or Illusion Some  commonly confused English vocabulary words that are often mistaken even by English speakers are allusion and illusion.The picture is not spinning, its an illusion.Do you know the difference between them?There was a famous pop song of the 1980s with one of these words in the title by a band called Imagination. What do you think it was called? Was it Just an Allusion or Just an Illusion?AllusionAn allusion is a figure of speech that means to make reference to something in a direct or indirect way.An allusion is mostly used when talking about literature.For example:The writer is making an allusion to the work of the great Russian writer, Tolstoy, in this reference.However, the prevalence of the word has spread and now it is also used to talk about film, art, photography and many other forms of visual art.In general conversation it is used to describe the act of making a passing reference to something.For example:The cake has the same smell as my mother’s pastries. Here, allusion is being made to my mother’s pastries.The verb form of allusion is regular with I am alluding to and he alludes to being the most commonly used versions.IllusionAn illusion occurs when the senses are deceived. It happens when the reality and what is perceived are different.For example:I had hoped John would come home for the holidays but that was an illusion.The classic example of an illusion is a mirage in the desert when someone is convinced he or she is seeing a lake of water when it does not exist in reality.ExerciseFill in the blanks with either allusion or illusion. I had the ________ that I would go straight to university after school but I don’t think I will be able to.My teacher made an _______ to the Roman Empire in class today.Her work is full of optical _______.It looks like the river has been dyed green but don’t worry, it’s just an ______.Don’t forget to _____ to the Dutch masters in your essay. You will get a higher grade if you do.Did you remember the name of that 1980s pop song? Lets see if you got it right.Did you find this blog helpful? Please share in on Facebook and Twitter.

Tutor Social!

Tutor Social! The Tutorfair crowd together once again for our monthly mingle. Tutorfair founders Edd and super-tutor Mark enjoyed a pint or two… New (and fabulous) English tutor Jim R celebrated all the new bookings he’s had through Tutorfair: There was quite a crowd - these gatherings are getting bigger and bigger! We think there were about 50 tutors present - but our count may not have been entirely accurate towards the end (hic!) The tutor whose face you can (just) see below is Eton entrance specialist Joseph N. Joe joined us just before half-term - and then had over 20 hours tutoring in his first week! Way to go, Joe… What’s the collective noun for super-tutors? A starburst of super-tutors perhaps? Meet some of our top tutors (from left to right): supertutor Mark M, who co-founded Tutorfair; English tutor Phineas, who has been tutoring all over the world; Science tutor Frank,  who left behind the cancer research lab to do more teaching; and all-round tutor superstar Madeleine, who uses her Developmental Psychology background to help struggling students. What a team! Fancy getting some top tips from this lot? (And all our other superstars of course) Come to the next Tutorfair tutor social!